第二十三章 指尖如酒

    ReflectivePaper

    ◆TheoryXandTheoryY

    In1960，DouglasMcGregorsuggestedthetermsoftheoryXandtheoryYinhismanagementbook.TheoryXhadthreesystems，givingalittleornotrusttosubordinatesrespectively.TheoryY，onthecontrary，hadcompletetrustandconfidenceinsubordinates.Themanagercouldusethesetwodifferenttheoriestodistinguishemployeemotivations.

    Theprinciplecanchooseeithertheorytomotivatetheteachers.Thereisnoabsolutelyrighttheory，onlythemoresuitabletheoryinlightofdifferentsituations.

    Inmyopinion，theschoolwhichadoptstheoryXmaybecomemoreandmorerigid，butitcanalsorunsmoothly，aslongastheprinciplecankeeptheteachersobeythedisciplines.Ontheotherhand，theschoolwhichpreferstheoryYmaywitnessthecreativenessandvigorofteachers.However，thereisalsoariskthattheprinciplecanhardlycontroltheteachersanymore.

    Thesetwotheoriescanbothbeadoptedtomotivateteachers.However，thenewteacherscanalsobeintimidated，orconfused，ascribingvariousfactors，suchasschoolmanagementsystem’sintegrity，andtheteacher’spersonality.

    ◆Mutualpurpose

    Themutualpurposeisapracticalvision.Theleadercanuseittounitethesubordinates.Itislikeapieceofblueprint，helpingtheengineertoputbricksintorightplace.Thepurposecanbewrittendown，orimpliedinlife.Schein(2004)suggestedthatorganizationalcultureisapatternofsharedbasicassumptionsthatagroupworkingtogetherforacommongoalhasinventedinlearningtocopewiththeproblemsofexternaladaptationandinternalintegration.

    Workershavetheirownlifeexceptofworkingfortheschool.Sometimes，theirpersonalinterestmayconflictwiththeorganization’sbenefit.Astrongleadercanhelptheworkerstostrikethebalancebetweenworkandpersonallife，andcreateamutualvalueforthestaff.

    Withaspecificandpracticalpurpose，inductioncanbemoreeffective，reallyservesforlearning，andgoonsupportingtheperformanceandprofessionaldevelopmentfornewteachers.

    ◆Classicalorganizationaltheory

    ItisthecontraryofTaylor’sScientificManagementtheory.Itviewedthetotalorganization，insteadoftheindividualworker，asthefocusofattention.Forclassicaltheorists，anorganizationismuchmorethantheinterfaceofhumanandmachine.Theheadmastercanuseittomotivatetheteachers.Theteacherswouldfeelmorerespectedundertheleaderwiththismethod，andmayreturnwithenthusiasmandcreativity.

    ◆Organizationalculture

    Thistermcangobackto193-s

    ◆Basicassumptions

    Basicassumptionsareaboutpeople’snature，thenatureofhumanrelationships，thenatureofhumanactivity，andthenatureoftherelationshipsbetweenpeopleandtheirphysicalandsocialenvironments.Basicassumptionsinhumannatureareconsistof:Freedom-Determinism，Rationality-Irrationality，Holism-Elemetalism，Constitutionalism-Environmentalism，Subjectivity-Objectivity，Proactivity-Reactivity，Homeostasis-Heterostasis，andKnowability-Unknownablity.

    Theprinciplecanusethetheoryofbasicassumptionstounderstandtheemployees，andtomotiveaswellastoinductthem.Iftheworkersalwaysgetpositiveassumptionsfromthecampusenvironment，theymayoptimisticandwillingtocontribute，andviseversa.Theleadermayalsousethebasicassumptionstogetanalysisoftheinstitutionandworkers，thushelpdesigningthefuture.

    ◆Intelligence

    In1904，AlfredBinetinventedamethodtoidentifythosechildreninschoolwhoneededspecialhelp.Therebyamethodcameouttotellpeople’sintelligence.TheresultofthistestingsystemiscalledIntelligenceQuotient，alsoknownasIQ.Theprinciplecanusetheintelligencedistinguishsystemtosortoutstudents，anddecidethecurriculum.Forexample，thestudentswhoareespeciallygiftedwithhighIQmayfindtheregularcurriculumtooeasy，thusbecomeimpatientandla... -->>
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